Combined square



(No Model.)

v H. W. EVANS.

COMBINED SQUARE, LEVEL, AND SURFACE GAGE. No. 426,001. Patented Apr. 22,1890.

ws noms Pneus co., mom-mno., msmncon. D, c.

NITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

HAMPTON IV. EVANS,

OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 426,001, dated April22, 1890.

Application filed January 1l., 1890.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, HAMPTON W. EVANS, a citizen of the United States,residing at lhila- Adelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCombination-Tools, of which the following is a specification.

` My invention relates te. combination-tools for laying out, scribing,andA measuring machine-shop work; but it is applicable in whole or inpart for other purposes.

Ileretofore in machine-shop practice it has been customary to employdividers, T- squares, spirit-levels, surface-gages, depth-gages, andgraduated rules for laying out, seribing, and gaging work of variouskinds; but the employment ol' these separate tools is very expensive andentails the following disadvantages: 'lirst, an excessive consumption oftime and labor; second, manifold inaccuracies in linear and angularmeasurements, and, third, injury to the tools incident to their fallingupon the ground or ioor. Moreover, these separate tools were apt to belost or mislaid.

The principle objects of my present invention are, first, to obviate theabovementioned disadvantages, and, second, to provide acompact, durable,accurate, and ei'licient tool for laying out, gaging, and scribing machi ucshop work and for other purposes.

My invention consists of certain details and of the combination andarrangement of the parts of the tool hereinafter more fully set forth,and pointed out in the claims.

The nature and characteristic features of the invention will be1nore,fully understood from the following description, taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, and inwhich-W Figure l is a side elevation of a combinationtool embodying theprincipal features of my invention and showing the parts thereof inposition for use as a dept-hgage. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view thereof.Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the tool having the divided head and theseriber removed therefrom and showing the parts thereof arranged for usein laying off angles and perpendicular lines. Fig. 4 is a side elevationof the tool, showing the stock and scaleblade thereof in position foruse as a T- square. Fig. 5 is a side1 ele Serial No. 336,610. (Nomodel.)

vation of the tool, showingthe parts thereof adjusted for utilization asa surfacegage. Fig. G is a similar view of the tool, showing the partsthereof adjusted to constitute a scratch-gage. Fig. 7 is a perspectiveview, on an enlarged scale, of the detail parts constitutin g thesliding head for carrying the scriber; and Fig. 8 is a perspective viewof the divided stock, having a portion broken away and showingtheparallel ribs thereof.

Referring now to the drawings, the stoel; or base A is composed of twosections a and a', securedtogether by a screw or rivet a2 and by an adjustable set-screw (ri. d" isan aperture east or otherwise formed in thewebs of these sections a. and d. 'lhe spirit-level a. is secured in theaperture d and may be readily seen from both sides of the tool. lhelower side a0 of the stock A is planed or otherwise made flat, and theother sides L7 and a thereof are surfaced and caused to form anypreferred angles with the lower side d'-for example, at angles offorty-live degrees, sixty degrees, and one hundred and twenty degrees.The parallel convex ribs a aremillcd orotherwise formed in a recess cutin the interior surface of the section u, and extend across the same atright angles to the lower side e thereof.

l5 is a graduated scale-blade, having parallel concave grooves l) cut orotherwise formed therein. This sealcblade B normally iits into therecess in the section u. of the stock A, and the convex ribs a, engagingwith the concave grooves l), permit of the scale B sliding through thestock A,but always maintain the scale at right angles with the side a ofthe stock A. rlhe blade I3 may be clamped in any desired position in thestock A by means of the set-screw a3 passing through both the sections aand a of the stock A.

C is a sliding head, composed of the plates c and c', secured togetherby means of a setserew C3. 'lhis setserew C is provided with a spiralspring 0c', coiled around the shank thereof, for pressing the two halvesc and c of the sliding head. Ofinto close contact with the oppositesides of the sealc-blade '13 when the set-screw O is loosened, so thatthe sliding head O may be freely adjusted upward and downward upon thescale-blade l, while at the same time moving with sufficient friction toretain. it to place until it is clamped by the IOO set-screw C3 for use.The plate c is slightly (lished on both sides thereof, and is providedwith two horizontal central shafts c8 and c4 and with an index c5.

c"l are parallel convex ribs, milled. or other- Wise cut on the interiorsurface of the plate These ribs c5 normally engage with the concavegrooves t of the scale-blade B.

The head C may be readily slid upward or downward, as above described,and finally clamped in position upon the scale-blade l5, by means of thespring-actuated set-screw C3.

The dish-shaped plate (Z, provided with a tapped or threaded lug (Z, andthe divided or spring-clamp (Z2, also provided with a lug (Z3, are bothmounted upon the horizontal shaft c4, and are secured in proper positionthereon by means of the set-screw (Z4. This set-screw d* is providedwith a spiral spring coiled around the shank thereof, for a purpose tobe presently described. The scriber D, provided with a hook-shaped pointD", slides freelyin suitable recesses formed in the clamp (Z2, and isretained in proper position therein by means of the spring-actuatedset-screw (Z4. This spiral spring ai is interposed between the plate (Z2and the set-screw (Z4, in order to insure sufficient frictional contactof the plates c and (Z with one another and of the divided portions ofthe clamp (Z2 when the setscrew (Z" is loosened, in order that thescriber D may be readily adjusted not only through the claml'i-plate(Z2, but also around the setserew (Z4, whi le at the same time retainedto place until clamped by means of said setscrew for use. The spiralspring surrounding the mieroineter-screw(Z5 is in compression and bearsat the respective extremities thereof against the lugs (Z and *(ZS formaintainingr the lug (Z3 normally in contact with the head of themicrometer-screw (Z5. The micrometer screw-head (Z6 is for rotating iteither tothe right or to the left in order to adjust the relativeposition of the plate (Z and of the clamp (Z2, as hereinafter more fullydescribed. (Z7 is a small aperture drilled or otherwise formed throughthe section (t of the stock A, and adapted to receive the scriber D.

Referring now especially to Figs. l and 2,and in connection therewith, abrief description of the mode of operation of the combinationtoolarranged for use as a depth-gage will be given. The scale-blade B isclamped to place in the stock or base A and the scriber D, passingthrough the aperture (Z7, is also secured to place in the spring-clamp(Z2. The stock A is then placed upon a level surface, and the head C isslid along the blade B until the point of the scriber D contacts withthe level surface and the position of the i1` dex c5 with reference tothe graduated scalZe B is noted.

For the sake of afurt-her description of the mode of operation of myinvention it will be assumed that the gage is to be utilized formeasuring the depth of a hole or recess countersunk in a fiat plate.This result is aecomplished by placing the aperture (ZT over the hole orrecess to be measured and sliding the head C downward until the point ofthe scriber D contacts with the bottom of the hole or recess, and thennoting the position of the index c5 with reference to the scale-bladell. It is evident that the difference between the two positions of theindex c5 with reference to the scale B correctly indicates the depth ofthe countersunk hole or recessf Althoughthe inode of operation of thecombination-tool has been explained with refer'- ence to the measurementof the depth of a coiuitersunk hole or recess, still it will be obviousto those skilled in the art of metal Working that it may beadvantageously used for numerous analogous purposes.

Referring now to Fig. 3 for a description of the mode of utilizing myimproved tool for laying off angles and for drawing per pendieularlines, the sliding head C is removed and the scale-blade B is clamped inposition in the stock or base A. In order to lay off a perpendicular orplumb line the stock is placed and maintained in alevel position bymeans of the spirit-level (Z5, and a perpendicular or plumb line may bereadily and accurately obtained by drawing a scribing-point or otherpreferred instrument along the edge of the scale ll. Angles may be laidoff upon a flat surface by holding the sides (Z7 or (t5 in contact witha straight-edge in the usual manner, and then drz'twing a scribingpointer other preferredinstrumentalong the roc scale-blade B. In order to usekthe combination-tool as a T-square, Fig. 4, the scale-blade ll is sliddownward through the base or stock A and clamped to place. It may beremarked that this T-square may be used as a depthgage by placing andmaintaining the stock in a level position by means of the spiritlevel((5, or in any other convenient manner, and then sliding' the scale Bupward or downward through the stock A; but preference is given to thearrangement of the tool hereinabove describedand illustrated'in Figs. 1and 2 for this purpose.

Referring now especially to Fig. 5 for a brief description of the modeof operation of the combination-tool arranged for use as a surface-gage,the scale-blade B is clamped to place in the stock A, and the latter ismaintained in a horizontal position by means of the spirit-level, asabove described. The head C is then slid upward or downward upon thescale-blade B until the scriber D contacts with the surfaceaze bemeasured. This contact between the scriber D and the surface to be gagedmay be accurately ascertained and adjusted by means of themicrometerscrew (Z5 in the following manner: After the head C is clampedto place upon the scale B by means of the spring-actuated set-screw c5,and after the scriber D is brought into close proximity 'with thesurface to be gaged, the micrometer-screw (Z5 is rotated and the dishedside of the plate (Z, bearing upon the (lished side of the plate c,-remains at rest, and the plate d2, carrying the scriber D, is slowlyrotated until the scriber D contacts with the surface to be gaged.

The arrangement of the tool shown in Fig. 6 is identical with thearrangement shown in Figs. l and 2, with this exception, that thescriber D is turned end" for end, so that the hook-shaped extremity Dthereof is located below the lower side a of the stock A, therebypermitting of the utilization of the tool as a scratch-gage for drawinglines in recesses and countersunk chambers and for other analo` gouspurposes.

Although the combination-tool has been described in connection withcertain specified uses, still my invention is not limited to such uses,because it is applicable in whole or in part for many purposes otherthan those above mentioned.

Having thus described the nature and objects of my invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination of a divided stock having a straight lower edge andthe opposite edges at angles of forty-five degrees, sixty degrees, andone hundred and twenty de grees with said straight-edge, interiorparallel ribs raised upon a recessed portion of one section of thestock, a grooved scale-blade engaging with said ribs and sliding atright angles with the straight-edge of said stock, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

2. The combination of a grooved scaleblade, a divided stock engagingtherewith, and a divided head provided with an index and with. interiorribs engaging with said scale, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

3. The combination of a grooved scale-blade, a divided head engagingtherewith, aseriber, and a divided clamp embracing said scriber and saidclamp pivotally secured to said head, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

4. The combination of a grooved scale-blade, a divided head engagingtherewith, a scriber, a divided clamp embracing said scriber and saidclamp pivotally secured to said head, and means for clamping saidscriber to place, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination of a scriber, a divided clamp embracing said scriberand provided with a lug, a sliding head. provided with a spindle, aplate provided with an internallythreaded. lug and mounted on saidspindle, a spring-actuated micrometer-screw engaging' with said lugs,and means for securing the clamp on said spindle to said plate,substantiallv as and for the purposes set forth.

6. lhe combination of a scale-blade, a sliding head provided with athreaded spindle, a plate and a divided clamp, respectively providedwith lugs and mounted on said spindle, a screw engaging with said lugs,and a setscrew engaging with said spindle, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

7. The combination of a scale-blade, a sliding head provided. with athreaded spindle, a

dish-shaped plate and a divided clamp mounted on said spindle, andmeans, substantially as described, to revolve said clamp with relationto said plate and said scale-blade, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

S. The combination of a stock provided with an aperture, ascale-bladesecured thereto, a head engaging with said scale-blade and provided withan index and with a scriber, and said stock adapted to permit of thescriber being inserted therethrough, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

9. The combination of a stock provided with a spirit-level and anaperture, a scaleblade secured to said stock, a sliding head engagingwith said scale-blade and provided with a scriber adapted to be insertedthrough said stock, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

l0. The combination of a stoel; provided with a straight-edge and withan aperture, a grooved scale-blade held in said stock at right angles tosaid straightedge, a sliding head provided with a scriber, and saidscriber passing through the aperture of said stock at right angles tosaid straight-edge, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

ll. The combination of a scale-blade, a divided head, a threaded spindlepassing transversely through said head, a set-screw engaging with saidspindle, and a spiral spring interposed between said set-screw and saidhead, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

l2. The combinatio1'1,in a tool, of a divided clamp pivotally mounted ona threaded spindle, aset-screw engaging with said spindle, and a springinterposed between said setscrew and said clamp, substantiallyas and forthe purposes set forth.

13. The combination of a divided stock having a clamp-screw and arrangedat angles of fortydive degrees, sixty degrees, and one. hundred andtwenty degrees, and said stock provided with a slot and internal ribs, adouble-grooved blade mounted in said slot and held rigidly in engagementwith said ribs by said clamp-screw, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

la. The combination of a divided stock, as shown and described, with anenlarged base adapted to receive a spirit-level, and so as to beobserved from both sides thereof, and the faces of said stock arrangedat forty-five degrees, sixty degrees, and one hundred and twenty degreest0 the base thereof, and a parallel grooved scale-blade held in saidstock, substantially'as and for the purposes set forth.

in witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

HAMPTON lV. EVANS.

lVitnesses:

ino. W. REED, THOMAS M. SMITH.

IOO

